Focusing on the use of Modern Equipment for Storing and Reading Braille Script as well as Establishment of National Data Carrier Centres.

 

BRAILLE RESEARCH

The development of devices which would make it possible to store braille print digitally on compact cassettes in order to be recalled for reading, was already one of the topics on the technical conference in London in April, 19. The advantage of this procedure lies mainly in the possibility to have a large quantity of text on a single cassette. Some of those devices are already in the stage of practical test, so, for instance, the "Digi-Cassette" in France and the "Braillocord (BRS.76)" which was designed by the Heinrich-Hertz-Institut in Berlin and developed by the AID. There is, further on, the "Braillex", designed by Professor Boldt (Dortmund) which is said to come out in a series for testing in the course of this year. Supplied with a fast automatic station-scanner it is specially suited for the storage of dictionaries and files. I had the opportunity to test the BRS.76 thoroughly. Though its stage of development is remarkable there will be, no doubt, still possibilities of improvement. Two ways of storage are applied with the BRS.76: 

1. using the writing-modul which belongs to the Braillocord and 
2. using the data-storage media usually used by publishers.

These data-storage media are changed into a special p, computer programme by the "Rechenzentrum" in Munster. This procedure has been very successful but has not yet reached the most possible degree of perfection, a fact, which must be considered also under the aspect of the financial problems arising from the application of more complicated computers. As for the efficiency of these modern electronic I devices on a larger scale no decisive predictions can be made at present. The main difficulty is the price (DM10.000 for the BRS.76) being far too high for the majority. Another problem lies in the complicated handling of these devices. The experiences in other fields of technical development show, however, that prices can be reduced and that devices can be simplified, if there is a genuine request. The most essential point in respect to the present stage of development is, according to my opinion, the demonstration of technical possibilities. Essential for the practical use of the mentioned devices is, of course, the existence of Braille-cassettes accessible for each aspirant. This problem should be thought over thoroughly already at this moment in order to be able to take the necessary steps in time. The opinions concerning this subject differ more or less from p one another because of various interests, for instance, ( commercial ones, and, last not least, a certain wish for prestige being understandable in a way. It is obvious that especially the associations of the blind pay atten tion to these quite new perspectives because of their mission concerning the professional and social integration as well as promoting the cultural efforts of their members. It is, therefore, plausible, if the corresponding discus- ' sions are not always free from animosity. An intensive engagement of the interested persons can, however, so it seems to me, be very useful in any case. For we stand ladies and gentlemen, at the beginning of a new period in the application of that script having been given by the well known Frenchman Louis Braille to the Blind of the whole world.

Considering the problems connected with the establish ment of data-storage media centres it is necessary to remember that, according to the information of experts, copies of Braille-cassettes should be only made from ^ master-cassettes the exact function of the reading-devices  being disturbed otherwise. So one has to establish datastorage media centres where Braille master-cassettes are produced and collected. I wish to point out here, that the production of Braille-cassettes with the writing-modul belonging to the reading-device can only be exceptional because this procedure takes a lot of time and needs qualified transcribers knowing Braille and it's special ' scripts. This would mean considerable expenses again. « Naturally it is the same case, if one chooses data-storage I media usually used by the publishers because of the necessary technical efforts (computers). On the other side one must admit that only thus the advantages of this new technique can be fully used opening a, chance for the blind to get hold of the most up-to-date literature in the shortest of time. m We have to ask now, which kind of possibilities show « themselves at present concerning the establishment of data-storage media centres.

1. The existing Braille publishers take charge of the production of Braille-cassettes. At this point the protest of the associations of the "* blind comes in. They think, that those publishers have already reached the limit of their capacity. So the ^ printing of important and up-to-date books being needed very urgently is often delayed in a very irksome way for those waiting for them. Of course, I do not know the situation in other countries which may be more favourable. Besides, one should not forget the experiences and the  qualified staff of the Braille publishers that count very much.

2. The producers of the reading-devices undertake, the production of Braille-cassettes too.

Of course, many of the technical presuppositions that are necessary would be available in that case, and a vital interest is likely to be found here, because financial advantages might come out of it. A too intense dependence on the producer would be possible in this case bringing perhaps disadvantages for the user as well in respect to the programme as to the price. Here I also want to lay stress upon the possible difficulties in case of licences given by the publishers, because' those work on economic principles. The privileges which the talking-book libraries have obtained after much effort concerning the licence of the publishers, might be in danger of getting lost.

 3. The associations of the blind become responsible for the data-storage media centres, being financed mainly by public authorities and producing, independent of financial interests, a stock of Braille-cassettes exclusively orientated on the many-sided requirements of the users. In this case the arising problems are the personnel and financial ones. For these data-storage media centres can only be efficient if one disposes of sufficient financial means which cannot be raised by the associations of the blind. Especially with regard to the necessary qualified staff the financial factor is decisive. Already these short hints make it obvious, that no general solution can be found here, because the starting situation is varying in the different countries. At best one can lay down a few fundamental demands that ought to be considered in all future discussions of these problems.

(a) There must be a guarantee, that the data-storage media centres being independent of economical ambitions and wishes for prestige will develop to efficient establishments, thus creating the pre-suppositions to utilise the new technical possibilities to the utmost. 
(b) Braille-cassettes must be offered as well for an adequate price or as a loan. 
(c) The offer must be many-sided taking into con sideration the need for knowledge and learning as well as for entertainment.
(d) A possible lending of Braille-cassettes belongs absolutely into the competence of the Braille-lending libraries, if the data-storage media centres do not pursue it themselves. 
(e) It is very important to choose the right way already at the present moment to make sure, that the new technical development enabling Braille-text to be stored on a minimum of space brings all possible advantages for the users. To take care of that, is not only our task, but even our duty. 

You will understand, that in the course of this meeting I could only treat my subject very insufficiently being just able to hint at some very important aspects or to give a few impulses which might lead you to think matters over. But this was, after all, my intention. Perhaps I have succeeded in contributing something to the following discussion.

 

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